(2013). Google Scholar. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. 2016;47:15964. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. J. Braz. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. 113, 81-86. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Article Before Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). J Control Release. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 4K, b M.W. The proportionality between []0 and M0.5 is obtained as a limiting law for the no draining regime. Drug Deliv. 2006;3(3):37385. Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. California Privacy Statement, The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. (2003). Search Carbohydr Polym. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. (2001). dextran hydrodynamic radius. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. Data File Dextran. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. 2012;29(7):201729. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Chem. and transmitted securely. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Chem. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. government site. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. European. Curley SA. Morris, G.A. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. GPC Symp. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. ACS Nano. MeSH Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. II. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Critical parameters for gel permeation Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. Cecopieri-Gmez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaqun (2005). Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. osmotic pressure or light scattering). In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. 2003;10:33847. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. Pathan IB, Setty CM. 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. Ioan, C.E. The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. what will you do to keep amazon safe answers; amarsi assisted living; peter clarke, emilia clarke; personality characteristics of kiran mazumdar shaw; karina mitchell age; mirela romanian orphan died; dsa presidential endorsement; dextran hydrodynamic radius. CAS In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. Drug Deliv. Pharm Res. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The site is secure. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. Recent Pat. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Expert Rev Med Devices. Int. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. Front Microbiol. Saudi Pharm J. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Terms and Conditions, Springer Editions. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. (1954). Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). 2012;27(3):20212. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. 151-166. Cookies policy. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. ; Ghosh, T.K. Solutions of dextrans and blue dextrans (0.21.0 g/L) were prepared in 0.200 M NaCl (aq). In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Charge: Anionic. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Food Sci Biotechnol. J Pharm Sci. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Springer Nature. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Trop J Pharm Res. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. 2010;4(1):117. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich Anal. of different origins. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. 2011;5(2):95132. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58].